During the cocking phase, Fleisig reports a 3.0N increase in anterior force at the shoulder for every extra cm and a 2.1N increase in anterior force at the shoulder with every degree increase of foot angle. Fleisig emphasizes the importance of these values by describing the change in force exhibited on the shoulder when they deviate from the norm. The stride ankle also typically lands approximately 10cm away from the same midline with a distance from the rubber averaging 87% of the pitcher's height. Note the 15-degree angle of the foot away from the centre of the mound. The picture below depicts an overhead view of the alignment of the body during the acceleration phase of throwing. The abdominal muscles work to rotate and stabilize the trunk. Upper trapezius, serratus anterior and lower trapezius work to produce upward rotation of the scapula.
![underhand throw cues pictures underhand throw cues pictures](http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xAHdSofnf70/TNE2n7ExAII/AAAAAAAAFMM/Rj0axPpM22U/s1600/PowerPosition_001.jpg)
Anterior deltoid and pectoralis major work concentrically at the glenohumeral joint.As the stride leg is flexed, the weight is transferred from stride leg to pivot leg and hip abductor, adductor and extensors of pivot leg act as weight absorber.During this phase, there is minimal muscle activity and muscle fire at low intensity.to place the body in a position that may contribute to the propulsion of the ball.to conceal the ball and distract the hitter and.to establish a rhythm to achieve correct timing for subsequent movements,.The body’s overall centre of gravity is raised and minimal stress is imparted on the shoulder during this phase. It is reported that about 50% of the velocity of the ball during an overhead throw is generated from step and body rotation. It is an important phase which is responsible for imparting the velocity which is driven to the point of ball release. During the wind-up phase, the energy is transferred from stride leg to pivot leg and winding up of the stride leg occurs.The ipsilateral leg and trunk rotate approximately 90° and the contralateral hip and knee flex.The phase of wind-up begins with the initiation of the stride leg and ends when the ball separates from the glove and the stride leg reaches the highest point.For a right-handed pitcher, throwing arm is the right arm, a gloved hand is left, lead/stride leg is left lower extremity and pivot/stance leg is right.The pitcher is facing the batter with the baseball concealed away from the batter and in the glove, and both the feet are in contact with the ground.
![underhand throw cues pictures underhand throw cues pictures](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/JwfD3oLMoKI/maxresdefault.jpg)
During this phase, the muscle activity is quite low and for these reasons risk of injury is low as well. EMG studies show that the upper trapezius has a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of 18%, serratus anterior 20%, and anterior deltoid 15%. During these simple movements consider the muscles proximally to distally. During the initial movements, the pitcher brings his or her hands overhead and lowers to chest level. The wind-up phase is defined as the initial movement to maximum knee lift of stride leg.